时间状语从句 1. when引导的时间状语从句,常译为"当……的时候",when的从句可以用延续性动词,也可以用点动词. eg. He was working at the table when I went in . 当我进去的时候,他正在桌旁工作. Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping . 当我正在睡觉时,有人敲门. I will visit my good friend when I have time . 当我有空儿时,我将去看望我的好友. I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai . 当我在上海时,我为一家外国企业工作. 注:when也可以作并列连词,表示一个动词正在进行的时候,突然间发生了另外一件事. eg. I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help . 我正在河边钓鱼,就在那时有人求救. We were working in the chemistry lab , when the lights went out . 我们正在化学实验室工作,突然灯都熄灭了. 2. while引导的时间状语从句,常译为"与……同时,在……期间",while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词. eg. They rushed in while we were discussing problems . 当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来. Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games . 当我正在打电子游戏时,爸爸正在清洗汽车. 注:while也可以作并列连词,表转折的关系,相当于but,译为"然而". eg. I like listening to music , while my brother likes doing sports . 我喜欢听音乐,而我的兄弟爱好运动. 3. as引导的时间状语从句,常译为"当……的时候,一边……一边"as的从句中可使用延续性动词,也可使用点动词. eg. He sang as he was working . 他一边工作一边唱歌. As time goes by , we have a better understanding of things around us . 随着时间的推移,我们对自己周围的事物有了更好的理解. 4. before和after引导的时间状语从句,before强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前,而after强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后. eg. He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大学前曾当过厨师. He called me after he had finished his work . 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话. 注:若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成时态,例如上面的第二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work . 5. as soon as引导的时间状语从句,译为"一……就……". eg. He will go to see you as soon as she gets here . 他一到这里就会去看你. She got everything ready as soon as she got to school . 她一到学校就把一切都准备好了. 6. since引导的时间状语从句,译为"自从……",主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时. eg. We have made many dumplings since we began to cook . 自从我们开始做饭起,我们已经包了许多饺子了. We haven't seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面. 注:常用句型:It is +时间段+since从句 译为:自从……有多长时间了. eg. It is six years since she graduated from the university . 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了. 7. till和until引导的时间状语从句,译为"直到……为止",not … till / until引导的时间状语从句,译为"直到……才".前者强调主句动作的结束,用延续性动词,后者强调主句动作的开始,用点动词. eg. I will wait for my friend until / till he comes . 我要一直等到我朋友来. We won't start our discussion until / till he comes . 我们要等到他来了,再开始我们的讨论. 二. 地点状语从句:常用where(哪里)和wherever(无论哪里) eg. Where there is a will , there is a way . 有志者,事竟成. We will go wherever the motherland need us most . 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去. 三. 原因状语从句:常用的引导连词有because , as和since.三者的区别是:在回答问题的时候,使用because;对于显而易见的原因,常用as或since;as和since的从句常放在主句之前,而because的从句常放在主句之后. eg. Why did you go I went because Tom told me to go . 你为何去 那是因为汤姆叫我去. He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise . 他很生气不是因为我们来迟了,而是因为我们弄出了声音. As it was raining hard , we had to be indoors . 由于雨太大,我们只好呆在家里. Since you feel ill , you'd better not go to work . 既然你感觉不舒服,你最好不要去上班了. (四)目的状语从句:常用的引导连词有so that , that和in order that译为:以便,为了,目的是. eg. Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes . 请讲慢一点,以便我们能作详细笔记. I shall write down your address that I may not forget . 我要把你的地址记下来,以免忘记. I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time . 这封信我以航空信发出,以便他能及时收到. 注:目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语 eg. We work harder than usual finish it in a week . 我们比平常加倍努力工作以