五年级数学下册简便运算题

职业培训 培训职业 2024-12-31
班级: 姓名: 一、口算下面各题。(23分) 10-2.65= 0.90.08= 528-349= 6+14.4= 240.04= 12.34-2.3= 03.8= 0.77+0.33= 71.4= 67.5+0.25=7.284= 5-1.4-1.6= 4001258= 1.940.5= 800.125= 3 = 6 6= 2 -( + )= 10 2= 3.273.27= ( - )12= 187.711-187.

班级: 姓名:

一、口算下面各题。(23分)

10-2.65= 0.9×0.08= 528-349= 6+14.4= 24÷0.04=

12.34-2.3= 0÷3.8= 0.77+0.33= 7÷1.4= 67.5+0.25=7.2÷8×4= 5-1.4-1.6= 400÷125÷8= 1.9×4×0.5=

80×0.125= 3× = 6 6= 2 -( + )= 10 2=

3.2×7÷3.2×7= ( - )×12= 187.7×11-187.7= 1- 62.5%=

二、写出下列每题在简便运算时所运用的定律或性质(12分)

4 +3.2+5 +6.8 25×(8×0.4)×1.25 7 -(2 - )

( ) ( ) ( )

( + + )×72 93.5÷3 16÷2.5

( ) ( ) ( )

三、用简便方法计算。(65分)

1125-997 998+1246+9989 (8700+870+87)÷87

125×8.8 1.3+4.25+3.7+3.75 17.15-(3.5-2.85)

3.4×99+3.4 4.8×1.01 0.4×(2.5÷73)

(1.6+1.6+1.6+1.6)×25 ( + - )÷

12.3-2.45-5.7-4.55 2 + 0.125×0.25×64

64.2×87+0.642×1300 78×36+7.8×741-7 17+ 8

0.125× +0.5 2.42 +4.58 -43

25÷100 4.25-3 -(2 -1 )

(1)1.25*17.6+36.1/0.8+2.36*12.5

1.25*17.6+36.1/0.8+2.36*12.5

=(5/4)*17.6+36.1*(5/4)+23.6*(50/4)

=176/8+361/8+236/8

=773/8=96.625

(2)7.5*2.3+1.9*2.5

7.5*2.3+1.9*2.5

=7.5*(1.9+0.4)+1.9*2.5

=(7.5+2.5)*1.9+7.5*0.4

=19+3 =22

(3)2004/2003*2005

2004/2003*2005

=(2004/2003)*(2003+2)

=2004+4008/2003

(4)276*543-267/276+543*275

276*543-267/276+543*275

=543*(276+275)-267/276

=543*551-267/276

1)五十二又二十五分之十一×79.45+159×47.56+七十九又二十分之十一×52.44

=52.44×79.45+159×47.56+79.55×52.44

=52.44×(79.45+79.55)+159×47.56

=52.44×159+159×47.56

=159×(52.44+47.56)

=159×100

=15900

3)2002+2001-2000-1999+1998+1997-1996-1995+……+2+1

=(2002-2000)+(2001-1999)+(1998-1996)+(1997-1995)+……+(6-4)+(5-3)+2+1

=2+2+2+2+……+2+2(从3-2002共2000个数,所以有1000个2)+2+1

=1000×2+2+1

=2003

4,5两题均用到一个转换式1/(A×B)=1/(B-A)×(1/A-1/B)

如1/15=1/(3×5)=1/(5-3)×(1/3-1/5)=1/2×(2/15)=1/15可验证一下

4)(1×2分之一)+(2×3分之一)+(3×4分之一)+……+(10×11分之一)

=1/(1×2)+1/(2×3)+1/(3×4)+……+1/(10×11)

=(1-1/2)+(1/2 - 1/3)+(1/3 - 1/4)+……+(1/10 - 1/11)

=1-1/11

=10/11

5)三分之一+十五分之一+三十五分之一+六十三分之一+九十九分之一

=1/(1×3)+1/(3×5)+1/(5×7)+1/(7×9)+1/(9×11)

=1/2×(1-1/3)+1/2×(1/3-1/5)+1/2×(1/5-1/7)+1/2×(1/7-1/9)+1/2×(1/9-1/11)

=1/2×(1 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/5 + 1/5 - 1/7 + 1/7 - 1/9 + 1/9 - 1/11)

=1/2×(1-1/11)

=1/2×10/11

=5/11

6)一又二分之一-六分之五+十二分之七-二十分之九+三十分之十一-四十二分之十三+五十六分之十五

(根据提示,1又1/2=1+1/2,+1/2+1/3=5/6……)

=(1+1/2)-(1/2+1/3)+(1/3+1/4)-(1/4+1/5)+(1/5+1/6)-(1/6+1/7)+(1/7+1/8)

=1+ 1/2 - 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 + 1/4 - 1/4 - 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/6 - 1/6 - 1/7 + 1/7 + 1/8

=1+1/8

=9/8

仔细看一下,不会很难,都可以简便算的。你自己看一下,有些题目化成分数会好算些,我不是5年级的,不知道你们学的和我们是否一样,只能找一些,抱歉,请原谅。

1. 5/2 -( 3/2 + 4/5 )

2. 7/8 + ( 1/8 + 1/9 )

3. 5/6 + ( 1/2 + 2/3 )

4. 9/7 - ( 2/7 - 10/21 )

5. 3/7 + 49/9 + 4/7

6. 8/9 + 15/36 + 3/27

7. 5/2 - ( 3/2 + 4/5 )

8. 7/8 + ( 1/8 + 1/9 )

9. 9/7 - ( 2/7 - 10/21 )

10. 1/5 + ( 3/7 + 8/10 )

简便运算:

1) 500+(407+0)

2) 386+382+114

3) 42+(91+158+109)

4) (87+103+113)+97

5) (246+387+154)+13

6) 49+(71+151+129)

7) 255+(79+45)

8) (169+39+131)+261

9) 219+175+181+225

10) 14+498+486

11)84×101

12)(300+6)×12

13)504×25

14)25×(4+8)

15)78×102

16)125×(35+8)

17)25×204

18)(13+24)×8

19)99×64

20)99×13+13

一、口算下面各题

10-2.65= 0.9×0.08= 528-349= 6+14.4= 24÷0.04=

12.34-2.3= 0÷3.8= 0.77+0.33= 7÷1.4= 67.5+0.25=7.2÷8×4= 5-1.4-1.6=

00÷125÷8= 1.9×4×0.5=

80×0.125= 3× = 6 6= 2 -( + )= 10 2=

3.2×7÷3.2×7= ( - )×12= 187.7×11-187.7= 1- 62.5%=

二、写出下列每题在简便运算时所运用的定律或性质

4 +3.2+5 +6.8 25×(8×0.4)×1.25 7 -(2 - )

( ) ( ) ( )

( + + )×72 93.5÷3 16÷2.5

( ) ( ) ( )

720÷16÷5 630÷42 456-(256-36)

102×35 98×42 158+262+138 375+219+381+225

5001-247-1021-232 (181+2564)+2719 378+44+114+242+222

276+228+353+219 (375+1034)+(966+125) (2130+783+270)+1017

99+999+9999+99999 7755-(2187+755) 2214+638+286

3065-738-1065 899+344 2357-183-317-357

2365-1086-214 497-299 2370+1995

(1)2.5*32*0.125

=(2.5*4)*(8*0.125)

=10*1

=10

(2)3.5-7+6.5

=3.5+6.5-7

=3

(3)1.2×2.5+0.8×2.5

=2.5(1.2+0.8)

=25

(4)8.9×1.25-0.9×1.25

=1.25(8.9-0.9)

=10

(5)12.5×7.4×0.8

=12.5×0.8×7.4

=74

(6)6.5×9.5+6.5×0.5

=6.5×(9.5+0.5)

=6.5×10

=65

(7)0.35×1.6+0.35×3.4

=0.35*(1.6+3.4)

=0.35*5

=1.75

(8)6.72-3.28-1.72

=6.75-(3.28+1.72)

=6.75-5

=1.75

(9)0.45+6.37+4.55

=0.45+4.55+6.37

=5+6.37

=11.37

(10)28×12.5-12.5×20

=(28-20)*12.5

=8*12.5

=100

(11)23.65-(3.07+3.65)

=23.65-3.65-3.07

=20-3.07

=16.93

(12)(4+0.4×0.25)8×7×1.25

=(4+1)*7*10

=5*7*10

=350

(13)1.65×99+1.65

=1.65*(99+1)

=1.65*100

=165

(14)27.85-(7.85+3.4)

=27.85-7.85+3.4

=20+3.4

=23.4

(15)48×1.25+50×1.25×0.2×8

7.8×9.9+0.78

=7.8*(9.9+0.1)

=7.8*10

=78

(16)4.8×46+4.8×54

=(46+54)*4.8

=100*4.8

=480

(17)673-327-173

=673-(327+173)

=673-500

=173

(18)4.44*2.5

=1.11*(4*2.5)

=1.11*10

=11.1

(19)3.5÷1.4

=(3.5÷0.7)÷(1.4÷0.7)

=5÷2

=2.5

(20)1+2+3+4+5......+99+100

=(1+99)+(2+98)+(3+97)+......+(49+51)+50

=(100÷2-1)*100+50

=4900+50

=4950

这样可以么?

例1、5.76+13.67+4.24+6.33 =(5.76+4.24)+(13.67+6.33) =10+10 =20 例2、37.24+23.79-17.24 =37.24-17.24+23.79 =20+23.79 =43.79 例3、 4×3.78×0.25 =4×0.25×3.78 =1×3.78 =3.78 例4、 125×246×0.8 =125×0.8×246 =100×246 =24600 例5、(2.5+12.5)×40 =2.5×40+12.5×40 =100+500 =600 例6、3.68×4.79+6.32×4.79 =(3.68+6.32)×4.79 =10×4.79 =47.9 例7. 26.86×25.66-16.86×25.66 =(26.86-16.86) ×25.66 =10×25.66 =256.6 例8、 5.7×99+5.7 = 5.7×(99+1) =5.7×100 =570 例9、34×9.9 =34×(10-0.1) =34×10-34×0.1 =340-3.4 =336.6 例10、 57×101 =57×(100+1) =57×100+57×1 =5757 例11、7.8×1.1 =7.8×(1+0.1) =7.8×1+7.8×0.1 =7.8+0.78 =8.58 例12、25×32 =25×4×8 =100×8 =800 例13、125×0.72 =125×8×0.09 =1000×0.09 =90 例14、87×2/85 =(85+2) ×2/85 =85×2/85+2×2/85 =2+4/85 =2又4/85 例15、56.5-3.7-6.3 =56.5-(3.7+6.3) =56.5-10 =46.5 例16、32.6÷0.4÷2.5 =32.6÷(0.4×2.5) =32.6÷1 =32.6 例16、86.7×0.356+1.33×3.56 =8.67×3.56+1.33×3.56 =(8.67+1.33)×3.56 =10×3.56 =35.6 例17、15.6÷4-5.6×1/4 =15.6×1/4-5.6×1/4 =(15.6-5.6)×1/4 =10×1/4 =2又1/2 例18、16/23×27+16×19/23 =27/23×16+16×19/23 =16×(27/23+19/23) =16×2 =32

脱式计算即递等式计算,把计算过程完整写出来的运算,也就是脱离横式的计算。在计算混合运算时,通常是一步计算一个算式(逐步计算,等号不能写在原式上),要写出每一步的过程。一般来说,等号要往前,不与第一行对齐。也就是离开原式计算。(脱字念tuo)主要掌握的是记住要先算乘、除法,后算加、减法。在乘除法连继计算时中,要按从左往右的顺序依次计算。遇到括号,要首先计算括号内部。在脱式过程中要按运算顺序划出运算顺序线,还要做到“三核对”,一要核对从书上把题抄到作业本上数字、符号是否抄对。二要核对从横式抄到草稿竖式的数字、符号是否抄对。三要核对把草稿竖式上的得数,抄到横式上是否抄对,小数点是否点对地方,有无遗漏。

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